Ngoc Son Temple

Ngoc Son Temple was built in the 19th century to worship Guan Yu, a symbol of loyalty, strength, and justice. Over time, it blended elements of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. During the Ly Dynasty, when King Ly Thai To moved the capital to Thang Long, the temple was called Ngoc Tuong. Under the Tran Dynasty, it was renamed Ngoc Son to honor soldiers who died resisting Mongol invasions.

In the 18th century, Lord Trinh Giang built Khanh Thuy Palace on the site and created two man-made hills: Dao Tai and Ngoc Boi. Later, philanthropist Tin Trai added a pagoda to worship Buddha and an altar to Van Xuong De Quan, the deity of scholars. However, the temple gradually fell into disrepair.

In 1865, Confucian scholar Nguyen Van Sieu led a major restoration that turned the site into a cultural landmark. He added famous structures like The Huc Bridge, Pen Tower, Ink Slab, and Tran Ba Pavilion, all rich in educational and philosophical meaning. In 2013, the temple was recognized as a Special National Relic.

The temple layout follows the "Tam" (三) shape, symbolizing harmony between heaven, earth, and humanity. It has three main sections: Bai Duong (Front Hall), Trung Duong (Central Hall) dedicated to Van Xuong, Guan Yu, and Lao Tzu, and Hau Cung (Sanctuary), honoring General Tran Hung Dao, the national hero who defeated the Mongols.
Built in a traditional square shape with eight curved roofs, supported by stone and wooden pillars, the temple acts as a guardian against evil forces. Beyond its beauty, it remains a sacred site where locals and students pray for wisdom and success. For visitors, it offers a peaceful retreat and deep cultural connection.